Network Rail - Permissions, Restrictions and The Law (2025 edition)

Continuing the discussion from The 8th Grey Arrows Drone Club Birthday Challenge and Treasure Hunt:

This had me doing some reading, and a little head scratching. I think I’m more confused than I ever was about railways and the legality of drone ops.

The Network Rail website used to be very clear about it being ‘illegal’ to fly within 50m of a track. I couldn’t ever find any specific legislation about drones and railways, but this was back before EASA and the 50m was broadly in line with the reduced distances I was allowed from uninvolved people (such as you’d find on a train) with my PfCO so I assumed they were just adding some wordy weight to the general regulations to make them sound railway specific and gave it no more thought.

But the topic still comes up every once in a while, and with the current regulations it’s even less clear.

I notice that they’ve updated their “Drone Safety and the Law” page to remove the language that implied specific legislation around drones/railways, and now links to a document that highlights some generic potential risks, but effectively says “stick to the Drone Code”.

However, they’ve not updated the meta tag for the description, which still reads:

    <meta property="og:description" content="It is illegal to fly a drone on or near the railway. Even the cheapest, smallest model poses a risk to the railway, our passengers and staff."/>

Also, they’ve used some fairly clever language here:

Only authorised Network Rail pilots and specialist approved contractors are permitted to fly drones near the railway (when conducting railway related drone surveys) having been granted a qualification from a training organisation approved by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).

I say ‘clever’ because this specifically relates to their own staff and internal procedures but they’ve made it sound like it’s generic and applies to us all.

These two caveats lead to a confusing summary in search / AI results:

As far as I can tell, that 50m “exclusion” is just a hangover from their old guidance and doesn’t actually exist in relation to Network Rail Infrastructure.

There’s a recent FOI response from Network Rail (included in the screenshot above) which further clarifies that we’re good as long as we stick to the general rules and regulations.

To be clear, I’m certainly not suggesting we should act like it’s the Wild West out there. The rules are the rules, and they (mostly) exist for good reason. There’s also a very sensible point made in that FOI response about checking in with the Air Operations team to make sure there aren’t planned activities on the railway where you plan to fly.

But am I missing something here? Has my Google-fu failed me? Or is flying near a train track no different, legally, to flying near to a road or anywhere else?

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Network Rail are very much like the Port of London Authority… Unless they can prove the legislation against it, then fly free.

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It doesn’t matter what Network Rail, National Trust, et al say :hear_no_evil_monkey:

What does CAA say? :slight_smile:

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We tried not to complicate the Challenge requirements and rules too much.

There are places and times when it is legal to fly but also less confrontational not to. Flying outside of but close to a military area for instance - it’s legal but it will make any ModPlod or security in the area quite twitchy and interested in having a gentle chat with you. You may be wholly in the right but it may be betterto find somewhere further away to exercise your right to fly.

We hoped that the Birthday Challenge and Treasure Hunt would attract both old hands and those relatively new to flying. The tasks and the jokers were put together with an element of potentially stretching peoples’ capabilities or comfort zones but without encouraging anything too risky.

A lot of posts have been expended on permissions and restrictions and flying near or over rail lines has been one of the well-discussed subjects.

For the purposes of the Challenge we felt it best to provide a simple, safe rule of thumb - keep 50 metres from the tracks (as shown on Drone Scene).

Otherwise we can discuss this point ad infinitum :slight_smile:

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Sorry, wasn’t meaning to call you out for ‘doing a National Trust’ with the rules… it’s your ball, after all. :wink:

It’s just that your post was what set me looking at the legislation again around railways for the first time in a few years and I was genuinely wondering if I’d missed some legislation.

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There was a lot of head scratching on this matter here as well. As @JoeC highlights there is conflicting information around this, even after the flight I continued to ask myself did I do the right thing (Which I believe I did, but always happy to learn).

Logging in with the air ops team using Dronecloud was easy enough and provided me the number of the Regional Network Controller should something have happened. I also did my own risk assessment, having recced the area before, I knew the train schedule as I didn’t want to be in a higher risk phase of flight when trains were operating.

I probably over planned for a simple flight with a sub 250g drone, but sadly I kind of enjoyed it.

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No offence taken.

We were in a situation last night where we could have legally flown against authorities’ wishes but by backing down got concessions and privileged access for the future.

It was a flight within an FRZ for which permission had been obtained. At the same time as permission was applied for emails were sent to the building we intended to photograph (outside of their opening hours) and to a military establishment800 metres from the proposed TOAL site.

While the operators of the FRZ were quick to reply no contact was made by either the building custodians or the military establishment.

We were enjoying a coffee outside the building when the phone rang. The communications officer had learnt of the flight because one of the people due to attend had gone to the information desk and asked “where this evening’s GADC drone flight was taking off?” She had been on holiday for two weeks and come back to some “300 emails”, sorted through them to find ours and was concerned. (No deputy in her absence?)

We had a bit of a circular argument in which she admitted that she had no powers to prevent us flying that evening - but she would prefer us not to. For one thing it would sour her relationship with the military with whom she liased when drone flights were planned.

But, given prior notice, we could have access to the building, both inside and out, ModPlod pacified, FRZ informed and plenty of parking and TOAL points on Mondays in termtime.

So that was why we abandoned that evening’s plans and went for plan B instead of exercising our legal rights and upsetting various people.

The problem when organising meetups or Challenges is that people will try to use GADC as a justification “But they said in the rules to get as close as possible to the rail line for a good image”.

We chose in this instance, although we have a selection of substantial, stout sticks, not to poke the bear.

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I’m right there with you - there’s a lot of joy to be found in a good flight plan :+1: :nerd_face:

To be honest, I haven’t used Dronecloud before. My first impression looking at it when you first mentioned it was that it was (or seemed to be from the front page) a paid site targeted at companies doing a LOT of aerial surveys (such as National Rail themselves).

I’ve since discovered the free account (though you do need to come up with a company name to register) and now know that all that’s needed here is to create a flight plan (again, easy enough) that includes a bit of the railway and it’s all automated from there with nothing more required:

Still very much of the opinion that they’re overreaching, and if I’m just pottering about in the fields by the railway near my bit (where the trains come once an hour) then I’m not wasting my (or their) time. But I’ve got an account on the portal now and if a risk assessment needs a little extra mitigation I’ll pop in a report and maybe even drop them an email :wink: :+1:

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One possible reason for not playing on railway lines:

I was researching an obscure drone (to me at least) and came across the AIB report on the crash of one of the type back in 2019:

tl;dr The cause was determined to be magnetic interference:

when using a hand-held compass to check for any magnetic interference, deviations of up to 140° were observed over localised regions of the bridge below which the railway track’s overhead high-voltage wires were being ducted.

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Do we know if this a common finding? Or unique to this specific location? :thinking:

Well, I could trawl through years of AIB reports for crashes invoving drones …

Power lines are funny things.

A few years ago I blacked out half of Denmead (well, I was in charge at least) by firing a blank charge in a gun. At a military vehicle show.

Admittedly the gun was a 155mm FH70 at maximum elevation with a couple of pounds of electrically fired black powder in a container down the barrel.

There were powerlines above and to the left. As it was explained to me by a nice gentleman from Scottish and Southern Electricity the smoke from the charge was carbbon-rich and made the air around the lines rather more conductive than usual. The electric fields in the cables caused two of them to be attracted to one another and they touched.

Bang!

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I’m still checking this particular incident (mainly because I have just bought a similar drone) and came across the report as seen through the eyes of the Register (a computer industrynews resource for those that don’t know it) and its readers.

I always find the commentards to be, in the main, as informative as the articles, if not more so.

its not unusual to feel the hair on your arms move or even on your head if its really dry and your standing under a load of powerlines so they do give off quite a bit of magnetic radiation so I would think that railway overhead cables and general powerlines would impact drones